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February 24, 2019
Gun Thread: Shooting and 40's [Weasel]![]() Preferred refreshment of your higher-class MoMe. Whaaa? You Gangstas thought I was talking about these 40's? Nah, Bro's and Bro-ettes! You never, evah shoot while sippin' a 40! That's pretty much Rule Number Uno. So what the hell am I talking about? Good question! Let's jump on down below and find out together, shall we? ![]() .40 Smith & Wesson
The Bureau's fascination with the new cartridge lasted about 20 years. Around 2007, or about the time law enforcement agencies around the country finished following the FBI's lead and transitioned to the .40 S&W, the Bureau was contemplating a return to the 9mm Parabellum. Citing advances in bullet design, among other things, the Bureau completed the change back to the 9mm with ballistically improved ammunition around 2015.
![]() Gratuitous picture of Sig P229 in .40 S&W All sorts of factors are taken onto consideration when comparing weapons and ammunition. Design ergonomics, magazine capacity, recoil and economics are all important before ever beginning to consider ballistics. Terminal Ballistics is the science of what happens when a bullet hits a target, and includes all sorts of ways to measure the resulting transfer of energy and destructive power. Factors influencing the amount and effectiveness of this kinetic energy transfer primarily involve bullet design, mass, and velocity. Suffice it to say, terminal ballistics is a field of study unto itself. To greatly oversimplify the issue, you can have a light fast bullet, or a heavy slow bullet. What matters most is the shot placement, the energy delivered and the behavior of the bullet once it arrives on target. The reality, I believe, is there is no magic bullet. Everyone has their favorite, but at the end of the day, you cannot shoot someone in the toe and reasonably expect to do much more than make them mad. Not even with the latest sooper-dooper maximum coolness defense load. While advances in bullet expansion technology have helped tremendously, time spent reading (any other) gun blogs might be more profitably spent at the range making sure you can consistently hit a target with whatever you're shooting. So all of this is just fine and dandy, but there needs to be some basis for comparison between calibers and loads. One practical way to at least get some idea of cartridge performance comes in the form of muzzle energy, or ME, which is a calculation of the energy a bullet has when leaving the barrel. Many times this value is listed on the cartridge package, but the math isn't too difficult. Muzzle Energy Calculation So a 180 gr bullet exiting the barrel at 990 fps has a calculated ME of about 392 ft lb, while a 230 gr bullet with a velocity of 835 fps has a calculated ME of about 356 ft lb. Again, this formula is a simplified method of computing energy and generally comparing one load to another. It does not take into consideration the performance of the projectile once it enters the target, for example, when comparing the effectiveness of a hollow point bullet with a regular ball bullet. Many will disagree with the use of muzzle velocity altogether, and I will not argue with the observation it only paints part of the picture, but I do think it offers a valid starting point for general comparison. ![]() left to right: .45ACP, .40 S&W and 9mm Using the energy formula formula to evaluate the three ball cartridges above we get: Again, this does not necessarily indicate the effectiveness of these rounds because key variables are missing, chiefly penetration and expansion, but it might help you in thinking about which caliber and powder charge to begin with when selecting a defensive bullet. So what do you all think? Any opinions of the .40 S&W from those with a law enforcement background? Did the FBI rush to make the change without giving adequate consideration to advances in ballistic performance? Was their reversion to the 9mm a good idea based on ballistics alone? Which other factors might have been involved? How about the rest of you? Do you own a pistol chambered in .40 S&W, and what are your opinions of the cartridge?
Link-O-Rama Muzzle Energy Calculator Article: 9mm vs .40 S&W Article: .40 S&W Article: .40 S&W Still a Good Round? Article: 10mm Gel Tests Article: .40 S&W a Fad? Article: Ayoob - .40 S&W
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