What we've learned, in Shotgun Joe's own words, is that a "garden-variety slap across the face" might not be any big deal, but that the following may be Warning Signs:
1. If a domestic abuser attempts to strangle you.
2. If a domestic abuser threatens to shoot you with a gun.
3. If a domestic abuser sexually assaults you.
Yes, these are the things that Shotgun Joe didn't know, but now does, thanks to VAWA.
So if your husband strangles you, rapes you, or threatens to murder you with a firearm, you now know, courtesy of Shotgun Joe's government-funded study, that you might be married to a domestic abuser.